Department of Management

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Stakeholder management and compliance with election guidelines in Uganda: a case study of the 2006 elections in Kasese town council
(Uganda Management Institute, 2009-12) NADDULI, AHMED MUSISI
The study sought to examine the extent to which stakeholder management strategies employed by the E.C of Uganda, affect the compliance by election administrators with electoral guidelines. Specifically this research sought to examine the effect of stakeholder identification procedures on compliance with electoral guidelines in Kasese Town council, to establish the effect of stakeholder analysis on compliance with electoral guidelines in Kasese Town council, to examine the effect of the adopted strategy of training on compliance with electoral guidelines in Kasese Town council, to find out the effect of the adopted strategy of facilitation on compliance with electoral guidelines in Kasese Town council and to evaluate the moderating effect of political interference on compliance with electoral guidelines in Kasese Town council. The study focused on election administrators in Kasese Town Council, including polling officials, party agents, tally clerks and supervisors. Responses were sought from officials in the E.C planning departments and the media houses in Kasese District. Using a case study design, data was collected through self administered questionnaires, interview guides and documentary review. Findings of the study indicate that compliance was greatly affected by inadequate procedures for identification of election officials. After recruitment, no attempts were made to clearly analyze the needs, attitudes and expectations of these officials. Training strategies lacked in methodology, duration and content while training environments were too crowded. Responses on facilitation indicated gaps in the provision of transport, communication, technical support and allowances. Although traces of political interference were reported, analysis of this as a moderating variable had very low significance averaging about 0.51. The study recommends outsourcing of the recruitment function for officials at supervisor level and professional approaches in identification of election officials including administration of standard evaluation criteria like competence tests. To understand election officials, there should be wider consultation with stake holders at sub county level. Training should be more practical, cover all aspects of elections and last for more than a day in more conducive environments. Better compliance levels will require improved enumeration and better provision for transport, communication and technical support to polling officials. There is need for more research on other stakeholders like security organs, political parties, and media houses. Studies should also be conducted comparing different election regimes locally and abroad to assess levels of improvement and to recommend better approaches for the future.
CRITICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM OF BAYLOR INTERNATIONAL PAEDIATRIC HIV CARE CENTRE- MULAGO
(Uganda Management Institute, 2009-12) TUMWINE, IRENE
The study was conducted to analyse the key factors that influence the effectiveness of Monitoring and Evaluation system for Baylor International Paediatric HIV CARE Centre – Mulago as a case study. The main objectives of the study were to assess the factors influencing the effectiveness of the M & E system in BIPAI HIV Care Centre-Mulago. The study was guided by the following variables; the effect of indicators and tools used, effects of funding, human resources and stake holder’s commitment and their influence on M & E systems. The study used a cross-sectional study design on a population of 251 respondents comprising of M & E Staff/ Officers, Project Managers (M & E), civil society Leaders and Clients of BIPAI project selected using purposive, convenience and simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using questionnaires, interview and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies, graphs, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regressions. Qualitative data were analysed through transcribing and generation of themes from presentation in narrative form. The study empirically established that the indicators and tools used, funding, human resources and the stakeholders’ commitment had a significant relationship with the effectiveness of the monitoring and Evaluation system. Hence the study concluded that the BIPAI project had established a set of indicators and tools for M & E, had allocated adequate funds for the M&E activities, had competent human resources coupled with stake holder’s commitment which had relationship with the effectiveness of M & E systems. The study recommended that the management of BIPAI project should continuously set project indicators and tools to guide implementation of M & E activities; should ensure that there is enough funding for the implementation of the project activities and also incorporate the budget for funding of M & E activities into the project documents and also share the budgets with other partners that are implementing the M&E activities ;Stake holders and project implementers should regularly be updated and given opportunities to expand their capacity in documentation of data and information relevant to undertake critical project decisions. Further, the stakeholders especially beneficiaries should be involved in all project processes beginning with the initial project assessments ,planning for the project activities, implementation, monitoring and Evaluation so as to contribute to effective M & E systems critical for proper decision making at organisational level.
Effect of contractor selection criteria and development on contractor performance in Mubende district local government of Uganda
(Uganda Management Institute, 2010) Wanume, Paul
As a result of decentralization, local governments are allocating more resources to their core functions and encouraging the outsourcing of non-core activities. This has increased the importance of effective contractor selection and development as these agencies exploit contractor’s capabilities. However, sparse evidence exists regarding the impact of contractor selection criteria and contractor development on contractor’s performance in the public sector environment. This research was aimed at investigating the effect of contractor selection criteria and development strategies on the performance of contractors in the delivery of construction services in Mubende local government. Quantitative techniques were used in collecting and analyzing the data. A questionnaire describing contractor selection criteria, development and performance was administered to members involved in the classroom acquisition for a randomly selected sample of 90 respondents. Descriptive, tests of hypothesis and multivariate measures of analysis were conducted to confirm the relationships between the variables. Findings indicated that there are variations in the level of importance attached to contractor selection criteria and contractor development and their effect on contractor performance. There is a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between contractor selection criteria and development and contractor performance. However, selection criteria impacts positively with only quality and delivery performance measures and negatively with rework and on-site conflicts. Contractor development impacts positively with quality, delivery and on-site conflicts and negatively with rework costs. This study revealed that contractor selection criteria and development has much to offer local governments who wish to improve their contractor’s performance. There is thus strong justification to promote contractor assessments across multiple dimensions and development efforts and to obtain the resources needed to implement them. Local governments should ensure that their human resource is developed to respond to the challenges of outsourcing. It is also recommended that effective contractor performance measurement systems are instituted to ensure continuous improvements and enhance contractor performance.
Donor fund management and performance of the rural electrification programme in Uganda: a case study of west Nile and Kisiizi projects
(Uganda Management Institute, 2010-02) KUSIMBA, PAMELA
The study focused on the effect of donor fund management on the performance of Rural Electrification programme in Uganda using Kisiizi and West Nile projects as case studies. With the liberalization of the energy sector, came privatization of projects. The interaction of Donors, Government and the Private Sector changed the dynamics in electrification. There was slow progress on delivery of electricity to rural areas and objectives of the projects were not realized, making projects ineffective in transforming rural life. The study adopted a cross sectional case study design and used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. From a population of 271 a sample of 159 elements was selected. Systematic and purposive sampling techniques were then used to select elements from the sample. The data collection methods used included questionnaire, interviewing, documentary review and observation. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS to generate frequencies and percentages of responses and qualitative data were manually analysed. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the findings indicate that resource planning has a moderate significant positive relationship at 0.261, implementation had, moderate significant positive relationship at 0.255, cost control had moderate significant positive relationship at 0.400, and political will had moderate significant positive relationship at 0.111. Lessons learnt from the study are:: all indicators of resource planning especially time should be adhered to, for the effectiveness of a project. Project implementation is a crucial phase in project management; therefore Government should play its part in Monitoring and evaluating periodically to mitigate any unforeseen circumstances. The cost control process was unique with Government and World Bank having different procedures and guidelines which the private developer was not familiar with as a new player. Political will was influential in negotiating and acquiring funds from donors but interference hindered the effectiveness of projects.
Stakeholders’ participation, corruption and performance of rehabilitation projects in northern Uganda: A case study of NUSAF-Lira district.
(Uganda Management Institute, 2010-03) Otim, Stephen Daniel Oola.
The study investigated the effect of stakeholders’ participation and corruption on the performance of Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF) rehabilitation project in Lira District. A cross-sectional survey study design was used and was built on a triangulation approach. Data were obtained through questioning, in-depth interviewing, observation and document reviewing. The findings revealed that community participation, civil society participation and corruption significantly affect the performance of NUSAF in Lira district while Local Government participation did not have significant effect. Findings also indicated that better project performance can be achieved if stakeholders participate actively to the assigned roles and responsibilities. Facilities, resources and technical skills amidst sound relations between and among the various stakeholders should also be available throughout the project cycle. It is recommended that; for performance improvement, communities should be sensitized and mobilized for active participation; stakeholders (community members, civil society and Local Government) should fully participate in all phases of NUSAF and; sufficient funds should be allocated for Monitoring and Evaluation. All stakeholders should be sensitized on the forms of corruption in addition to enforcement of disciplinary measures on the corrupt officials. Other factors not explained by this research should however be explored to determine how they affect project performance. Further research could cover the effects of factors like; tradition of people, ownership and access to land, participation of donors and natural factors among others on the performance of projects meant to empower poor communities.
Monitoring and evaluation success factors and quality of service in local governments in Uganda: A case of the vulnerable children technical support project in Kabarole district
(Uganda Management Institute, 2010-05) ETWOP, WILLY
This study assessed contribution of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) to Quality of Service under the Vulnerable Children Technical Support Project in Kabarole. The study sought to; i) Examine contribution of stakeholder participation in M&E to quality of service; ii) Establish contribution of financial resources for M&E to quality of service and; iii) Evaluate how institutional uniqueness affects quality. All the objectives attempted to explain why M&E as a management tool has not met the expectation of informing quality of service. The study was built on both qualitative and quantitative approaches and data were obtained using a questionnaire, in-depth interview and document review. A total number of 120 respondents were targeted but 104 respondents took part. Findings revealed that participation, financial resource and institutional uniqueness are success factors for M&E and they contribute to achieving quality. Pearson correlation test showed a weak positive correlation of 0.286** between participation and quality, a positive correlation of 0.456** between financial resource and quality and, a correlation of 0.584** between institutional uniqueness and quality, meaning that stakeholders have not fully participated, funds for M&E have not been prioritized and characteristics like guidelines and norms have also affected quality. As supported by literature, attainment of quality can be pledged if desired outcomes are defined, measured and improved with diligent loyalty to M&E supported by full participation, financial prioritization and acclimatization to institutional best-fit. It is recommended that; 1) for quality improvement, stakeholders should fully participate; 2) finances should be prioritized and; 3) institutions should assimilate M&E into the institutional strategy. While, other factors not explained by this research should be explored to determine how M&E affects quality of service.
Water and sanitation programmes and household livelihoods in northern Uganda: a case study of Gulu district
(Uganda Management Institute, 2010-09) Otedor, Samuel No ah
The purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of water and sanitation programmes on household livelihoods in Gulu district of Uganda. The study employed a cross sectional survey design and used both qualitative and quantitative techniques in data collection and analysis. The findings revealed that access to water had the greatest contribution towards Household livelihoods in Gulu district, with a correlation of 0.280** and a regression Coefficient of 0.230, which meant that access to water affects the variations in Household livelihoods by 23%. Safe sanitation followed with a correlation of 0.210* and a regression Coefficient of 0.141, implying that its effect on Household livelihood was 14.1%. Livelihood strategies had the least contribution, with an insignificant correlation of 0.133 and a Coefficient of 0.024, implying an effect of 2.4% of the variations in Household livelihoods. In Gulu district households engaged in activities that depend on availability of water which have led to increased incomes and wealth thus improved livelihoods. Households that engaged in safe sanitation had good health and this enabled them to engage in productive activities such as trading and agriculture that notably increased their incomes. The livelihood strategies adopted, given their diversity had an insignificant moderator effect on the relationship between water and sanitation and household livelihoods. Based on those conclusions, the researcher came up with a number of recommendations among which were that; designing of water interventions should be above cooking and drinking needs; communities should be given an active part in the choice of the design, basic treatment and service of water and sanitation related projects and interventions; sanitation programs should enhance the individuals’ well being; water systems design should be made suitable to match the different livelihood strategies and also create awareness to demand for water supply services.
INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES AFFECTING PROCUREMENT AUDIT MANAGEMENT AT THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC ASSETS AUTHORITY (PPDA) IN UGANDA
(Uganda Management Institute, 2010-09) MBABAZI, LYDIA KWESIGA
The purpose of the study was to examine the institutional challenges affecting procurement audit management at the Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority’s (PPDA) that had hindered its expansion amongst the Procuring and Disposing Entities (PDEs) countrywide. As of June 2008, PPDA had only conducted forty two (42) procurement audits out since inception. Therefore, the main objective of ensuring transparency, accountability and value for money of government funds in order to reduce corruption in the procurement sector was not fully achieved. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a sample frame was selected from PPDA staff, consultants contracted to carry out procurement audits and Procurement Officers of audited PDEs. Data was collected using an interview guide, interview checklist, self-administered questionnaire, observation checklist and analysis of secondary data while it was measured using the ordinal scale, the chi-square and regression model analysis. The study established that PPDA received insufficient funds due to budget cuts. Therefore, procurement audits were not funded as required. The PPDA too lacked technical expertise in procurement and also had insufficient human resources and the labour turn over was high. Outsourced firms too lacked capacity as well as the PDU. The structure at PPDA was lean, hence bureaucratic in nature and encouraged collective responsibility. The contingency or situational theory was suitable for the management of procurement audits if PPDA was to cover all government institutions as well as save the country billions of monies lost through misprocurements. There should be increased funding and human resources towards the procurement audit function if PPDA and government were to achieve the desired goal of building confidence in public procurement.
PROCUREMENT PLANNING AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVED ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PROJECTS IN UGANDA
(Uganda Management Institute, 2010-10) Agaba, Caroline Charity Lindah
The objectives of the study were centred on the effect of procurement planning on accountability (financial, administrative and managerial) as well as the moderating effect of institutional factors on the relationship between procurement planning and accountability for donor funds. A cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted in five selected UNDP funded organisations and used a sample of 114. Face-to-face interviews were also conducted with the expected people and adequate data was obtained. Data was collected using interviews for the staff of the UNDP country office while the rest of the respondents responded to a self-administered questionnaire. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS while qualitative data was content analysed. It was found out that the poor state of planning threatened, and had negative effects on financial, administrative and managerial accountability. It was also discovered that institutional factors (internal organisational weaknesses, political influence and donor pressure) were in most cases negatively correlated to the level of accountability and funds utilisation in the projects. Conclusively, there existed a strong and statistically significant relationship between procurement planning and financial accountability as well as administrative accountability. Managerial accountability was weakly linked to procurement planning, and institutional factors threatened the level of accountability and funds utilisation. It is thus recommended that government and the UNDP need to ensure that procurement planning principles are adhered to so as to enhance financial, administrative and managerial accountability. It was also recommended that measures should be put in place to overcome the moderating effect of institutional factors so as to enhance the level of accountability and funds utilisation. Areas of further research are recommended.
Accountability and service delivery in the donor funded projects in the ministry of agriculture, animal industry and fisheries
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011) NSUBUGA, YUSUF MAGO
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between accountability and service delivery in donor funded projects implemented by Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries. The researcher developed a conceptual framework which guided the study. A cross–sectional survey design was carried out among 380 respondents working in projects accounts and internal auditors in the entire donor funded projects under Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries. A snapshot of events was taken as the situation existed then. The development of a self-administered questionnaire to capture the constructs of accountability (Managerial, Political, Financial and Public) and service delivery was done. A sample of 103, that is 70% of respondents from a sample size of 147 employees randomly selected, was realized and considered satisfactory. The results reveal strong significant correlation between accountability (Managerial, Political, Financial and Public Accountability), predict 45% of the variance in service delivery. It can be concluded that Managerial Accountability, explains most of the variance in service delivery in relation to the magnitude of the beta coefficients in the regression statistical model. It can be recommended that there is need to strengthen managerial accountability with straightforward adherence to rules and regulations such as Standing Orders, Government Accounting Instructions, Public Assets Act 2003, Public Finance and Accountability Act 2003. This can be fostered by sensitizing staff through regular retreats, workshops and seminars for old staff and induction workshops for new staff.
Structure and culture to administrative staff performance at Uganda Management Institute
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011) Bwoch Akello, Gladys
This study, a cross-sectional survey in nature, was carried out to assess the contribution of organizational structure and culture to the performance of administrative staff at Uganda Management Institute. The respondents comprised of all the non-teaching staff of the Institute which included Heads of Non-Teaching Departments and non-teaching staff from all the three campuses in Kampala and the two Outreach Centres situated in Mbarara and Gulu. From the total sample size of 79 respondents, 53 returned valid questionnaires representing 67% response rate. The data collection methods included use of questionnaires, interviewing and documentary review. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, multiple and hierarchical regression methods that reported on respondents’ profiles, respondents’ views on different variables, relationships between the different variables and the cause and effect relationships. The results indicated that organizational structure and culture were partially statistically significant in contributing to the performance of administrative staff at UMI Personal characteristics had no statistically significant moderator effect on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. It is concluded that institutions or organizations, particularly Uganda Management Institute being one of the Management Development Institutes, should provide organizational structure and culture that enhance performance of their staff since the two variables were found to be critical contributors to employee performance.
Armed conflict and its effects on development programme in Kotido district with focus on Jie county
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011-02) LOKIRU, PETER CLAVERTON KEDIKERE
The topic “armed conflict and its effects on development programs in Kotido District” was a study undertaken in Jie County. The main concern of the researcher and the purpose of the study were to determine the extent to which the armed conflict has continued to impact on the livelihood of the communities in the area. The study assessed five sub sectors, namely: livestock production, universal primary education, primary health care, rural water supply and road transport. The research as well used modern scientific research methods to collect, process, test, analyze and compile data and information from various sources as described in the chapters. Findings reveal that armed conflict had become complex, persistent, widespread and more devastating in the recent past. And it concludes that no sign of it being eliminated in the near future. The research team proposed some measures directed to various players in an attempt to mitigate the effects of arm conflict. There is a need for government, development partners and local communities to work together, design and develop appropriate medium and long term development plans. Government should develop security systems that are community based aimed at promoting productivity in all sectors. Government should develop and implement policies which include protection of communities and their property, peace education, peace building alternative disputes resolution by use of dialogue, conflict resolution and reconciliation.
INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES OF MAINTAINING QUALITY EDUCATION IN SELECTED PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NSANGI SUB-COUNTY, WAKISO DISTRICT-UGANDA.
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011-02) MAWANDA, STEPHEN
The study set out to analyze the institutional challenges of maintaining quality education in private secondary schools in Nsangi sub-county, Wakiso District. The major objectives of the study were to determine the influence of infrastructural facilities, admission criteria, leadership style and staffing on the quality of education. The researcher used a descriptive cross sectional survey design and applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This study was mainly guided by the Total Quality Management theory which was derived from the teachings of W. Edwards Deming. A sample of 4 schools out of 38 was randomly selected. 35 teachers and 85 senior four students were also randomly selected. Key informants in the study included 4 head teachers who were purposively selected. 3 District officials were also purposively selected to take part in the study. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS). Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to measure the degree, strength and direction of the relationship between variables. The findings indicated that there was a relationship between infrastructural facilities and the quality of education in private secondary schools in Nsangi sub-county, Wakiso district, the findings also indicated a significant relationship between staffing and the quality of education. However the study revealed that leadership styles and admission criteria do not affect the quality of education. The study recommends that school authorities should pay more attention to the academic and non academic infrastructural facilities in order to develop a holistic approach to the changing trends in the education sector. That there should also be other criteria of admission to be used by schools other than academic grades and this should apply to Uganda National Examination Board. The study also recommends that there should be a clear demarcation between school directors or proprietors and the school administration. Their roles should be clearly defined to avoid overlapping and teachers should implement a holistic approach that embraces all the aspects of quality education. Areas for further research were suggested to include the role of parents’ contribution to the attainment of quality education.
Reward management and performance of teachers in selected private primary schools in Uganda-a case study of Masaka municipality
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011-04) NANKYA, VICTORIA KIZITO KASAATO
This study aimed at establishing the relationship between reward management and performance of teachers in private primary schools in Masaka municipality. Three objectives guided the study namely; To establish the contribution of financial rewards on performance of teachers in private primary schools in Masaka municipality. To establish the relationship between non financial rewards and performance of teachers in private primary schools in Masaka municipality. To examine the moderator effect of knowledge and skills on reward management and performance of teachers in private primary schools in Masaka Municipality. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. A total of 80 out of 100 questionnaires were returned representing 80% response rate. Data was analyzed using correlation co efficient to determine the relationship between rewards and performance of teachers in private primary schools in Masaka municipality. The findings indicated that paid leave of absence, recognition, training and participative decision making have a positive relationship with performance of teachers with recognition ranking highest. It is recommended that salaries, pension or gratuity should be determined according to needs of the teachers if Uganda is to attain the millennium development goals related to Education. There should also be a regular salary upgrading and continuous professional development to make the teaching profession more attractive especially to the young generation.
Organisational Support And Its Contribution To Livelihoods Among Taso Supported Hiv/Aids Affected Households In Masaka District
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011-07) Muzaaya, Godfrey Nathan
The study was premised on the fact that HIV/AIDS epidemic has had an enormous impact on the World, where 22.5 million are infected and more than 25 million have died. Specifically in Uganda, it has caused 1million orphans and 1.9 infections. There have been different forms of support to HIV/AIDS affected households. The general objective of the study was to examine the contribution of organizational support to the livelihoods among TASO supported HIV/AIDS affected households in Masaka District. Organizational support is the (independent variable) and its contribution to livelihoods (dependent variable) among people suffering from chronic diseases like AIDS. The study used a case study research design that involved triangulation using qualitative and quantitative techniques of data collection and analysis. A sample size of 370 respondents was selected from TASO Masaka. Data was analyzed using Epiinfo 2002, SPSS and stata analysis package. Results after analysis revealed that majority of the respondents acknowledged that organisational support in form of emotional, instrumental and informational support have improved livelihoods of HIV/AIDS households, median of 4 and mean 3.8. Significant number agreed that informal social support mechanisms improved livelihoods of HIV/AIDS households 14(45.2%) agreed which is not statistically so different from those who were undecided 13(41.9%). Emotional support, Instrumental support and Informational support, has contributed to improved livelihoods of HIV/AIDS affected households in Masaka. Informal social support (community) doesn’t affect organisational support and livelihoods among HIV/AIDS affected households. TASO should change its approach to establishing social linkages that can contribute to social capital. Training for those in the community who interact with HIV/AIDS affected families, can allow more people to contribute to prevention and the provision of quality care.
Market orientation and performance of the Ugandan textile industry: a case of southern range Nyanza (srn)
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011-08) Nabachwa, Sarah
The study examined the relationship between market orientation (customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination) and performance of SRN. The problem was that sales of many of the SRN products were constantly dropping because of the stiff competition from the cheap Chinese textiles and the second hand clothes (mivumba) that are brought into the country as humanitarian aid. The specific objectives of the study were: (i) assess whether customer orientation improves performance in Southern Range Nyanza. (ii) Establish the effect of competitor orientation on performance of Southern Range Nyanza. (iii) Investigate the relationship between inter functional coordination and performance of Southern Range Nyanza. And (iv) Analyze the influence of trade facilitation on performance of Southern Range Nyanza. The sample size was 205 respondents taken out a population of 1450 employees using the krejcie and Morgan table. However 167 questionnaires were returned, making it 81.46% response rate. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used while a triangulation of both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and data analysis techniques was employed. The questionnaire was the main instrument because it was cheaper and quicker to administer but was supplemented with the interview guide and the documentary review checklist. It was discovered that SRN is not customer oriented nor inter-functionally coordinated but was very competitive. It is its competitiveness (aggressive marketing) and monopoly in producing pure cotton products that drives its business. It was recommended that information should not only be shared among managers but also with other employees to enable them be part of the solution to whatever could be affecting the organization.
CAPACITY BUILDING STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABILITY OF INCOME GENERATING PROJECTS IN NORTHERN UGANDA, A CASE OF WORLD VISION, GULU MUNICIPALITY, GULU DISTRICT
(Uganda Management Institute, 2011-09) KYEJJUSA, JOHN
The purpose of the study was to assess the role of capacity building strategies in promoting sustainability of income generating projects in Northern Uganda, a case study of World Vision Gulu Area Development Program (ADP) in Gulu Municipality. The research was guided by two main objectives; To find out how individual work learning processes contribute to sustainability of income generating projects in World Vision, Gulu municipality and to assess how group work learning processes contribute to sustainability of income generating projects in World Vision, Gulu municipality. A cross sectional case study design that guaranteed triangulation was used. Purposive random sampling, census and accessible random sampling methods were employed in selecting the sample size. The data was collected from 132 participants out of 143 respondents selected from a population of 206 including group members, World Vision implementing staff and Gulu Municipality Community Development Officers. The findings of the study established that all the independent variables; Individual work learning processes and group work learning processes did not have a significant contribution to sustainability of income generating projects in Gulu Municipality. Much as the organisation was injecting a lot of resources in the above capacity building strategies, they were not contributing to sustainability of income generating projects in Gulu Municipality. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that the research was able to test the hypotheses set out in the study. These included; Individual work learning processes directly affect sustainability of World Vision income generating projects in Gulu Municipality and group work learning processes directly affect sustainability of World Vision funded income generating projects in Gulu Municipality, were all disproved by the evidence from the field and accordingly adopted. The study recommends; 1. Assessment of the capacity gaps of the different groups be undertaken prior to development and implementation of capacity building plans. This aids in identification, prioritization and development of suitable capacity building plans. 2. A participatory approach should be adopted while organizing study tours. xvii Groups should be involved in determining timing, relevancy, objectives and participants in the study tour. This does not only ensure realization of study tour objectives but also ensures participation and promotes sustainability. 3. Underlying issues in groups should be identified and focused on in team building sessions. Team building at times fails because of internal issues only known to the group members. 4. Appropriate and context appropriate capacity building strategies should be adopted. Whether or not to take on individual work learning processes or group work learning processes remains a decision of the agency involved, the context in which it operates and the groups involved. However, on the basis of the findings of this study, alternative capacity building strategies should be adopted if sustainability is to be registered.
Factors influencing human immune virus (hiv) testing amongst students at Makerere university
(Uganda Management Institute, 2012) TUMWINE, MONICA NYANKUMARE
This research assessed the factors influencing HIV testing among students at Makerere University. The objectives of the study included stigma, confidentiality and beliefs as independent variables and HIV testing as a dependent variable. A cross sectional design was chosen for this study so as to determine the factors influencing HIV testing among students at Makerere University. Using simple random sampling and purposive sampling respondents were chosen to represent the entire population. Data were collected from Lumumba and Mary Stuart Halls of residence where a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used. Self administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data; Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interview were also used to collect qualitative data. Data were analyzed using STATA and was entered using ACCESS. It was found out that 125 (40%) of the students admitted never to have taken an HIV test before and therefore, they did not know their status. Of the 182 (60%) who tested, 9% did not receive their results. It was found out that stigma positively affects students to test for HIV; with only 141 (45%) of the students willing to disclose their results to other people. Confidentiality positively influences students to test with 53% agreed that health workers keep confidentiality of their information. With beliefs, 10% believed that HIV is for immoral people. In addition, Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis where for stigma a P-value of 0.04 was got, confidentiality a P-value of 0.02 and beliefs a P-value of 0.04 was got where by P-value of less than 0.05 shows that the dependent variable is significantly affected by the independent variables. The findings from the study were expected to help decision makers especially NGO’s, policy makers, to understand the factors influencing students to test for HIV and further help them design HIV policies to help students test for HIV.
Factors contributing to school dropout in Universal Primary Education (UPE) schools in Namalemba Sub - County, Iganga District-Uganda
(Uganda Management Institute, 2012) Nabongo, Deborah
The study investigated the factors contributing to school dropout in Namalemba Sub-County and focus was on school, teacher and family related factors. The study specifically compared the perceptions on three factors known to contribute to school dropout (i.e. family-related, teacher – related and school - related factors). The study used a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting and analyzing data. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design and used both qualitative and quantitative techniques in data collection. The sample included 44 pupils, 43 class teachers and 14 key informants. The analysis of the various coefficients was done across dimensions. The results showed the insignificance of school related factors and teacher related factors in influencing dropout of pupils thus showing family related factors as those that have had profound impact on pupils’ dropout in UPE schools. The study concluded that family related factors, specifically the economic activities at home, level of education of the parents have a significant contribution to the dropout of UPE school children. The study finally recommends; people in the community should keep a keen eye on parents who keep their children at home during school time since that has the potential to increase the dropout levels, particularly in rural areas; roll-out adult education across the entire country so as to ensure that the parents too can be able to appreciate the value of education and therefore keep their children in school; schools should identify children who are most at risk of dropping out and develop programs to keep them in school. Other recommendations included an improvement in school infrastructure, sensitization of parents about the value of education and refresher courses for teachers to address the challenges of school dropout in Namalemba Sub-county and in Uganda.
HIV/AIDS preventive initiatives and prevalence rates in northern Uganda: the case of Dokolo district.
(Uganda Management Institute, 2012-01) AYOT, NAOMI OYARO
The study assessed the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS preventive initiatives in reducing HIV/AIDS prevalence in Dokolo district from the year 2006 to 2010 when Dokolo was formalized as a district. The study had the following specific outputs; i) It established the effect of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) on HIV/AIDS prevalence in Dokolo; ii) It determined the effect of HIV/AIDS counseling and Testing (HCT) on HIV/AIDS prevalence in Dokolo; iii) It established the effect of HIV/AIDS behavior change initiatives on HIV/AIDS prevalence in Dokolo district and; iv) It found out the effect of economic factors on HIV/AIDS prevalence in Dokolo District. A cross-sectional survey study design was used. Data was obtained through questioning, in-depth interviews, observation, focus group discussions and document reviewing. A total of 132 participants took part in the study and findings revealed that PMTCT, HCT, HIV/AIDS behavior change initiatives (ABCD) and economic factors were contributing to the variations in HIV/AIDS prevalence in Dokolo district as all of them were statistically significant. Findings revealed that HIV/AIDS prevalence rate can be reduced if community members in the district change their current negative behaviors by adopting positive ones which reduce on the spread of HIV, facilities, resources and technical skills amidst sound relations between and among the various stakeholders involved in the fight against the epidemic should also be available throughout for success. It is recommended that; 1) for success in reduction of HIV prevalence rate in the district, communities should be sensitized and mobilized for active participation; 2) Preventive initiatives should be provided in a logical combination for example if HCT is being provided, PMTCT services should also be present and/or other economic services so as to enhance a positive attitude towards the HIV/AIDS preventive initiatives and; 3)Economic support of the already infected people is necessary so as to motivate positive living thus reducing the spread and therefore HIV/AIDS prevalence in Dokolo District. Other factors not explained by this research should be explored as well to determine how they affect project performance. In conclusion, this study revealed that HIV Testing and Counseling has the greatest impact on HIV/AIDS prevalence in terms of either reducing its prevalence when the HCT services are readily available and accessible and the opposite is true. The study also revealed that the second most influencing factor is economic environment then behavioral change strategies (ABCD Model) then lastly Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS(PMTCT) which has quite an insignificant effect on HIV/AIDS prevalence. It should also be noted that PMTCT could be effective if it is readily available and accessible. The lesson learned in this study therefore is that HIV/AIDS service providers should put more emphasis on HCT as the major step to preventing the increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS particularly in Northern Uganda. This should be in combination with other factors that also influence HIV/AIDS if we are to succeed in fighting the increasing HIV/AIDS prevalence.

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